Roma, 12.2.2014
Egregio
Lettore,
di seguito riporto gli elementi significativi
pertinenti alla moneta di figura:
Sesterzio1,
zecca di Roma, 71 d. C., RIC
II 194 (ed. 2007, pag. 73)2,
RIC II
445 (pag. 69), BMC II
565 (pag. 198), Cohen
I 425 var. (pag. 400), indice di
frequenza "R2"
Descrizione sommaria (sono indicate in rosso le
parti della leggenda usurate o comunque non più
leggibili):
D. IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P
COSIII.3 Vespasiano, testa
laureata a destra.
R. ROMA RESVRGES.
S C in
esergo. Vespasiano, stante a sinistra, solleva la
città di Roma in ginocchio. Dietro, la dea Roma,
stante a destra.4
La ricerca nel web di monete di pari tipologia ha
prodotto i seguenti risultati:
- http://www.vcoins.com/en/stores/roma_numismatics/139/product/vespasian_ae_sestertius__roma_resvrges_s_c/235921/Default.aspx
Vespasian AE Sestertius - ROMA RESVRGES S C. IMP
CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III, laureate
head right / ROMA RESVRGES S C, Vespasian standing
l., raising kneeling figure of Roma who is
presented by Minerva. RIC 194, (RIC [1962] 445),
Cohen 425, BMC 565. 22.83g 33mm GOOD FINE - VERY
FINE. € 210.65 Rates for: 2/12/2014
- http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s2333.html
Roman Empire. Vespasian. A.D. 69-79. AR
Sestertius. 24.10 grams. Obverse: IMP. CAES.
VESPASIAN AVG. P. M. TR. P. P. P. COS. III. Head,
laureate, r. Reverse: ROMA RESVRGES S. C.
Vespasian standing l., raising kneeling figure of
Roma who is presented by Minerva. Sear 789. Very
Good with Bold Portrait.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=391292
Source Auktionshaus H. D. Rauch GmbH Auction 86
(12.05.2010) Lot 669 ( « | » ) Estimate
7000 EUR Description RÖMISCHE KAISERZEIT
Vespasianus 69-79 (D) Sestertius (26,85g), Roma 71
n.Chr. Av.: IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P
COS III, Büste mit Lorbeerkranz und leichter
Drapierung an linker Schulter n.r. Rv.: ROMA
RESVRGES / S C (im Abschnitt), kniende Roma(?) und
Kaiser vis-à-vis im Handschlag, dahinter Virtus(?)
mit Schild n.r. -- Leichte Reinigungsspuren,
stellenweise leicht geglättet. RIC 445var (Büste,
R2), RIC² 195 (R2), C 424var/corr (100 Fr.). RR
s.sch.-vzgl. Ex NAC 25 (2003), 410.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=21980
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Auction 25 (25.06.2003) Lot 410 (
« | » ) Description The Roman Empire
Vespasian, 69 – 79 No.: 410 Schätzpreis - Estimate
CHF 8000 d=36 mm. Sestertius circa 71, æ
26.83 g. IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS
III Laureate head r. Rev. ROMA RESVRGES Vespasian
standing l., extending r. hand to raised up Roma,
kneeling r. before him; in background, helmeted
Minerva standing r., holding shield with l. hand.
RIC 445. BMC 565. C 424 var. (COS II). CBN
531.Extremely rare. Grey-green patina and good
very fine. Few of Vespasian’s coin types
illustrate as profoundly as this ROMA RESVRGES
sestertius the task confronting this new emperor
upon his arrival in Rome. Vespasian himself takes
credit for initiating this task, for he is shown
standing, raising from her knees the kneeling
figure of Roma accompanied by Virtus. With the
benefit of hindsight we can say Vespasian was
entirely successful in his restoration of Rome’s
fortunes, and in keeping the promise he makes on
this sestertius. The capital had been ravaged
during the civil war; even its inviolable Temple
of Jupiter Capitolinus was burned to the ground in
the last days of Vitellius’ regime. Rebuilding
Rome and her empire was no easy task, and
Suetonius tells us Vespasian estimated it would
cost no less than 400 million aurei. Vespasian
attained a reputation for fiscal creativity, for
he would collect money in most any way possible.
He became equally renowned as his stinginess, but
in the end he achieved his objective by raising
Rome back to her unquestioned position of
dominance in the Mediterranean world.
Interestingly, this attractive reverse scene is
also paired on some sestertii with the inscription
LIBERTAS RESTITVTA. Considering C. M. Kraay, in
his 1978 die study of Vespasian’s aes, could
locate only one die for each issue, we know both
coinages were extremely limited. There is only the
slightest variation between the scenes on these
two dies, which at first glance seem identical
except for the inscriptions, and as such we have
every reason to presume the same gifted artist
engraved both dies.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=524942
Source Sincona AG Auction 4 (25.10.2011) Lot
4095 ( « | » ) Estimate
2000 CHF Price 2000 CHF (~2263 USD)
Description ANCIENT COINS ROMAN EMPIRE
Vespasianus, 69-79 Sestertius 71, Rome. IMP CAES
VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III. Laureate bust
to r. with drapery on l. shoulder. Rev. ROMA -
RESVRGES / S C. Laureaztte emperor in toga
standing to l. raising kneeling Roma on l., behind
Virtus? With spear and shield. 26,10 g. RIC 445
var. C. 425 var. BMC 565 corr. CBN 531. Extremely
rare. Dark green patina. Very fine. Plate coin in
Elio Biaggi, The Superb Patinas of the Sestertii
of Imperial Rome, Turin 1992, p. 95, num. 131.
- http://numismatics.org/collection/1944.100.41561
Obverse: IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS
III - Bust of Vespasian, laureate, draped on left
shoulder, right. Reverse: ROMA RESVRGES S C -
Vespasian standing left, gesturing Roma (city) to
raise; Roma (goddess) standing right. Axis: 6
Measurements Weight: 23.266 Diameter: 31. Source:
RIC II, Part 1 (second edition) Vespasian 195
Date: AD 71 Object Type: Coinexternal link
Manufacture: Struck external link Denomination:
Sestertius external link Material: Bronze.
Reference: BMC. 565 Reference: ric.2_1(2).ves.195.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=704884
Starting price: 50 EUR Price realized: 80 EUR
MONEDAS ROMANAS VESPASIANO. (71 d.C.). Sestercio.
ROMA RESVRGES. Sería CyS158. "Paduano" de buena
factura, quizás del XVIII. MBC+.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=420632
Source Jean Elsen & ses Fils S.A. Auction 105
(12.06.2010) Lot 217 ( « |
» ) Price 140 EUR (~169 USD) Description
VESPASIEN (69-79), AE padouan, Giovanni Cavino.
Droit : IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG PM TR P P P COS III
Tête l. à droite. Revers : ROMA RESVRGES/ SC
L'empereur debout à gauche, relevant Roma
agenouillée devant lui. Derrière, Minerve debout à
droite. Ref.: Klawans, 62, 3; Lawrence, 32.
23,35g. Fonte moderne. Très Beau VF Estimate: EUR
100.
- http://www.forumancientcoins.com/fakes/displayimage.php?pos=-10682
Cavino - Vespasian Paduan forgery of AE sestertius
of Vespasian, 71 AD obv: IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P
M TR P P P COS III laureate head, r. rev: ROMA
RESVRGES Vespasian standing, l., extending r. hand
to Roma kneeling, r., before him; in background,
helmeted Minerva standing, r., holding shield with
l. hand; SC in exe. struck at Padua 2nd or 3rd
quarter of the 16th century from dies engraved by
G. Cavino (1500-1570). cf: RIC 445, BMC 565.
- http://www.forumancientcoins.com/fakes/displayimage.php?pos=-10385
Cavino - Vespasian Cast AE Paduan sestertius by or
after Giovanni Cavino, 16th century or alter copy
obv: IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG PM TR P PP COS III
laur. head, r. rev: ROMA RESVRGES emperor stdg,
r., at far l., Roma kneeling r. before him,
Minerva stdg behind Roma, r., holding shield SC in
exe.
- http://www.forumancientcoins.com/fakes/displayimage.php?pos=-10427
Cavino - Vespasian Paduan AE sestertius by
Giovanni Cavino (1500-1570). obv: IMP CAES
VESPASIAN AVG PM TR P PP COS III laureate head, r.
rev: ROMA RESVRGES Vespasian, l., stdg at r.,
raising kneeling Roma, r. presented by stdg
Minerva behind; SC in exe cf: RIC 445, RCV 2333,
Cohen 425, BMC565.
- http://www.forumancientcoins.com/fakes/displayimage.php?pos=-7637
Vespasian, sestertius, RIC 445 Sestertius circa 71
Obv:- IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III
Laureate head r. Rev:- ROMA RESVRGES Vespasian
standing l., extending r. hand to raised up Roma,
kneeling r. before him; in background, helmeted
Minerva standing r., holding shield with l. hand.
RIC 445. BMC 565. C 424 var. (COS II). CBN 531.
Cast of a modern replica. Sold as a modern cast on
ebay June 2009.
- http://www.forumancientcoins.com/fakes/displayimage.php?pos=-5834
Vespasian, sestertius, RIC 445 Sestertius circa 71
Obv:- IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III
Laureate head r. Rev:- ROMA RESVRGES
Vespasian standing l., extending r. hand to raised
up Roma, kneeling r. before him; in background,
helmeted Minerva standing r., holding shield with
l. hand. RIC 445. BMC 565. C 424 var. (COS II).
CBN 531. Sold as a replica on ebay August 2008.
- http://www.accla.org/images/paduan.jpg
Imitation of a bronze sestertius of Vespasian by
Giovanna Cavino. Cavino (1500-1570 CE) was
the most prolific of the sixteenth century
engravers and celators located in Padua, Italy.
The original coin is a Sear RCV 2333, RIC 445,
Cohen 425, BMC 565. Obverse: laureate head of
Vespasian right, IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P
P COS III around. Reverse: Vespasian standing
left, raising kneeling figure of Roma who is
presented by Minerva, ROMA RESVRGES S C around.
Veniamo
alle conclusioni. La moneta in esame si presenta
ben centrata, con il bordo perlinato bene in
risalto e la superficie non liscia ma contrastata,
forse come conseguenza dell'azione di pulizia
condotta con l'ausilio di acidi. A mio avviso,
siamo in presenza di una riproduzione moderna, non
particolarmente relazionabile all'archetipo di
Cavino.
Un saluto cordiale.
Giulio De Florio
-------------------------------
Note:
(1) Sesterzio (oricalco). Secondo BMC,
il sesterzio di Vespasiano pesava 25,84 g.
(media calcolata su 105 esemplari). Raccolgo
in tabella le caratteristiche fisiche dei
sesterzi della tipologia di figura presenti
nei link di cui sopra:
Riferimenti |
Peso (g.) |
Asse di conio (ore) |
Diametro (mm) |
Link1 |
22,83 |
- |
33 |
Link2 |
24,10 |
- |
- |
Link3 |
26,85 |
- |
- |
Link4 |
26,83 |
- |
36 |
Link5 |
26,10 |
- |
- |
Link6 |
23,266 |
- |
31 |
Avuto riguardo di
quanto sopra, la moneta in esame presenta
caratteristiche fisiche (24,73g,
34mm, 1h) non
difformi da quelle dei campioni d'epoca
reperiti nel web.
(2) Una nota in calce al RIC
II 194 attesta l'esistenza di una riproduzione
dell'incisore Cavino (n. a Padova nel 1500 e m.
nel 1570), che si ispira alla tipologia monetale
di figura (v. link).
In tempi più recenti, all'incisione del Cavino,
ottenuta per fusione, si sono ispirati numerosi
altri con proprie riproduzioni. I link da 7 a 14
sono altrettanti esempi di queste riproduzioni.
In linea di massima, ciò che differenzia le
riproduzioni dai rari esemplari antichi che ci
sono giunti è il fatto che le monete autentiche
presentano segni di logoramento dovuti alla
circolazione, assenti invece nelle riproduzioni
che, per parte loro, sono di solito ben centrate
e mostrano in bella evidenza i contorni
perlinati.
(3) IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG
P M TR P P P COS III (IMPerator CAESar
VESPASIANus AVGustus Pontifex Maximus TRibunicia
Potestate Pater Patriae COnSul III). Il titolo
dinastico di Caesar viene mutuato dalla famiglia
Giulio-Claudia. Una breve sintesi biografica di
Vespasiano viene tracciata dal portale
dell'Enciclopedia Treccani (v. link).
L'indicazione nella leggenda del dritto del
terzo consolato (COS III) consente di datare
esattamente la moneta al 71 d. C.
(4) ROMA RESVRGES (Roma
risorgerai!). Il verbo non è casuale, sotto
Vespasiano fervono i lavori di restauro
dell'Urbe dopo l'incendio di epoca neroniana: ..
sebbene in tanta bellezza della città risorgente
molte sono le cose che i più anziani
ricorderanno che non potranno essere recuperate
("quamvis in tanta RESURGENTIS URBIS
pulchritudine multa seniores meminerint quae
reparari nequibant" - Tacito, Annali, 15.20–23).
|