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Roma, 18.12.2011
Gentile
Lettrice,
le informazioni che mi fornisce a proposito delle
monete per cui ha richiesto la consulenza sono davvero
insufficienti; oltre tutto l'indicazione che una delle
due monete potrebbe essere di ottone (ad osservare le
immagini, non si evince alcuna differenza di colore
tra le monete), non facilita il mio compito. Ciò
nondimeno, nell'intento di assecondare comunque la sua
richiesta, senza pretesa di rigore scientifico, ho
raccolto, attraverso una ricerca nel web, alcuni
elementi che di seguito sottopongo alla sua
attenzione:
Tetradrammo1, Zecca
di Siracusa, 485-467 a. C.2
Descrizione sommaria:
D. Testa di Aretusa3 a destra,
capelli ripiegati dietro al collo e stretti da un
diadema di perle, collana al collo. ΣΎRAKOΣION.4
Lungo il bordo quattro delfini.
R. Auriga con quadriga al passo a destra, sopra Nike
che incorona i cavalli5.
La ricerca nel web di monete di tipologia simile a
quella in esame ha prodotto i seguenti risultati:
- http://www.magnagraecia.nl/coins/Area_IV_map/Syracusa_map/descrSyrB_147b.html
tetradrachm of Syracuse, 480/78-475 BC Obv.
quadriga Rev. hd Arethusa Boehringer 147
(V65/R101) 17.4 g private collection B, 23,4mm.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=38998
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction XIV (10.01.2007)
Lot 69 ( « | » ) Price 1600 USD
Description GREEK COINS SICILY SYRACUSE. No.: 69
Estimate: $ 1800 d=31 mm Tetradrachm, about
460-440. AR 16.94 g. Slow quadriga r., the
standing driver holds reins with both his hands;
above, Nike flying r. to crown horses; in exergue,
ketos r. Rev. SURAKOS-I-ON Diademed head of
Arethusa r., her hair tied in a krobylos; wearing
earring and necklace; around, four dolphins.
Boehringer, Syrakus 208, 518 (these dies). SNG ANS
170 (this rev. die). Light tone. Almost extremely
fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=34137
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction 40
(16.05.2007) Lot 238 ( « | » )
Price 6000 CHF (~4925 USD) Description Greek Coins
Syracuse No.: 238 Estimate: CHF 7000 d=27 mm
Tetradrachm circa 475-470, AR 17.14 g. Slow
quadriga driven r. by charioteer leaning forward,
holding kentron and reins; above, Nike flying r.
to crown the horses. Rev. SVR - AKO - SION Head of
Arethusa r., hair bound with beaded fillet and
wearing earring and necklace; around, four
dolphins swimming clockwise. SNG ANS 79 (these
dies). Boehringer 230. Lightly toned and extremely
fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=60435
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction Long Beach
Signature Sale 3002 (18.09.2008) Lot 20009 (
« | » ) Price 1000 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. Ca. 485-466
B.C. AR tetradrachm (23 mm, 17.28 g). Under Hieron
I, ca. 475-470 BC. Charioteer driving quadriga
right, holding kentron and reins; Nike flying
right, crowning horses, above / Diademed head of
Arethusa right, surrounded by four dolphins
swimming clockwise. Cf. Boehringer series XI,
259-60 (V117/R-); SNG ANS 89 (same obv. die).
Toned, good VF.From the Dr. Patrick Tan
Collection. Estimate: 1000.00-1200.00 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=60436
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction Long Beach
Signature Sale 3002 (18.09.2008) Lot 20010 (
« | » ) Price 1100 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. Ca. 485-466
B.C. AR tetradrachm (22 mm, 17.32 g). Under Hieron
I, ca. 475-470 BC. Charioteer driving quadriga
right, holding kentron and reins; Nike flying
right, crowning horses, above / Diademed head of
Arethusa right, surrounded by four dolphins
swimming clockwise. Boehringer series XI, 278
(V129/R191); SNG ANS -. Good VF, a little off
center. Estimate: 800.00-1000.00 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=88116
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction 40
(16.05.2007) Lot 239 ( « | » )
Price 14000 CHF (~11491 USD) Description Greek
Coins Syracuse No.: 239 Estimate: CHF 9000 d=26 mm
Tetradrachm circa 470-465, AR 17.18 g. Slow
quadriga driven r. by charioteer, holding kentron
and reins; above, Nike flying r. to crown the
horses. Rev. S - VRA - KOSI - ON Head of Arethusa
r., hair bound with beaded fillet and wearing
necklace; around, four dolphins swimming
clockwise. SNG ANS 104. De Hirsch 551 (these
dies). Boehringer 324. Well-struck on sound metal
and with an appealing light tone, good extremely
fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=88206
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction XIV (10.01.2007)
Lot 65 ( « | » ) Price 2400 USD
Description GREEK COINS SICILY SYRACUSE. No.: 65
Estimate: $ 3000 d=25 mm SYRACUSE. Tetradrachm,
about 482-480 BC. AR 17.16 g. Slow quadriga r.,
charioteer holds reins with his l. hand, kentron
in his r. hand; above, Nike flying r. to crown the
horses. Rev. SUR-A-KOSI-O-N Diademed head of
Arethusa r., her hair tied in a krobylos; around,
four dolphins. SNG ANS 18. E. Boehringer, Die
Münzen von Syrakus (1929), 125, 68 (this obv. die,
rev. die of no. 70). Iridescent tone. Obv. Very
fine. Rev. Good fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=106235
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction New York
Signature Sale 397 (09.01.2006) Lot 12002 (
« | » ) Price 475 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Ca. 480-475 B.C. AR tetradrachm
(22 mm, 17.04 g). Charioteer driving walking
quadriga right, holding kentron in right hand,
reins in left; Nike flying above and crowning
horses / Diademed head of Arethusa right; four
dolphins swimming clockwise around. Boehringer 123
(V56/R84); SNG ANS 33 (same dies); Randazzo 277-8
(same dies). Toned VF, test cut on edge. Estimate:
250-350 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=145077
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction P
(12.05.2005) Lot 1245 ( « | » )
Price 2000 CHF (~1646 USD) Description A Selection
of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily from the
A.D.M Collection Sicily Syracuse. No.: 1245
Schätzwert/Estimation: CHF 2000.- d=28 mm
Tetradrachm c. 480-470, AR 17.37 g. Slow quadriga
r.; horses crowned by Nike. Rev. Head of Arethusa
r.; four dolphins around. Boehringer 353. Of fine
late archaic style. Minor areas of porosity on
reverse, otherwise about EF Ex Glendining’s sale
1950, Platt-Hall part I, 49 and Peckover
collection.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=161700
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction New York
Signature Sale 397 (09.01.2006) Lot 12003 (
« | » ) Price 750 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Ca. 480-475 B.C. AR tetradrachm
(24 mm, 16.74 g). Charioteer driving walking
quadriga right, holding kentron in right hand,
reins in left; Nike flying above and crowning
horses / Diademed head of Arethusa right; four
dolphins swimming clockwise around. Boehringer 164
(V72/R113); SNG ANS 48 (same dies); Randazzo 334
(same dies). Toned VF. Estimate: 500-600 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=161727
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction IX (13.01.2005)
Lot 41 ( « | » ) Price 1900 USD
Description GREEK COINS SICILY SYRACUSE No.: 41
Estimation: $ 2000 d=27 mm Tetradrachm, about
485-479. AR 17.24 g. Slow quadriga r., the
charioteer holds the reins and a kentron, above,
Nike flying r. and crowning the horses. Rev.
SVRAKOSIO-N (retrograde). Head of Arethusa r., the
long hair looped in the back into a pearl diadem;
around four dolphins. E. Boehringer, Die Münzen
von Syrakus (1929), 177, 331 (these dies). SNG ANS
106 (these dies). Extremely fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=162126
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction V (16.01.2003)
Lot 45 ( « | » ) Price 1040 USD
Description ANCIENT COINS GREEK COINS SICILIA
SYRACUSE No.: 45 Estimate: $ 1300 d=26 mm
Tetradrachm, about 455. AR 17.15 g. Slow quadriga
r., horses crowned by Nike flying r.; driver holds
reins with both his hands, kentron in his l. hand;
in exergue [ketos]. Rev. SV-PAKOSIO-N Head of
Arethusa r., hair rolled in a thin band; around,
four dolphins. Boehringer 208, 512 (same dies).
SNG ANS 164 (same dies). Toned. Obv. slightly
off-center. Good very fine Ex H. H. Kricheldorf,
Stuttgart sale 25 (1972), 31.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=169173
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction XI (11.01.2006)
Lot 75 ( « | » ) Description
GREEK COINS SICILY SYRACUSE No.: 75
Estimate: $ 3500 d=24 mm Tetradrachm, about
485-480 BC. AR 17.29 g. Slow quadriga r., horses
crowned by Nike flying r.; driver, wearing long,
sleeveless chiton, standing r. and holding reins
with both his hands. Rev. SVRAKOSION Head of
Arethusa r., wearing necklace, long hair in the
neck looped into pearl diadem; four dolphins
around. E. Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus
1929, 136, 123 (these dies). SNG ANS 33 (these
dies). Well centred. Good transitional style.
Short flan. Extremely fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=169209
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction V (16.01.2003)
Lot 41 ( « | » ) Description
ANCIENT COINS GREEK COINS SICILIA SYRACUSE No.: 41
Estimate: $ 1400 d=25 mm Tetradrachm, about
480-475. AR 17.34 g. Slow quadriga r. on double
ground line, standing driver holding reins with
both his hands, kentron in his r. hand; Nike
flying r. to crown horses. Rev. SVRAKOSIO-N Head
of Arethusa r., the long hair looped in the back
into a pearl diadem; around, four dolphins. E.
Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus (1929), 161,
254 (same dies). SNG ANS 87. Randazzo 425 (same
dies). Toned. Short flan. Good very fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=181096
Source THE NEW YORK SALE Auction III (07.12.2000)
Lot 96 ( « | » ) Price 5750 USD
Description ANCIENT COINS GREEK COINS SICILY
SYRACUSE No.: 96 Estimation: $ 2500.- d=25 mm
Tetradrachm, about 485-475. AR 17.48 g. Slow
quadriga r., the standing charioteer holds the
reins in his l. hand and a kentron in his r. hand;
above, Nike flying r. to crown horses. Rev.
SVRAK-OSI-O-N Head of Arethusa r., the long
pearled hair turned up and tied at back into a
string of pearls and a broad hairband; she wears a
necklace and is encircled by four dolphins.
Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus (1929), 134,
111 (these dies). SNG ANS 31 (this rev. die).
Excellent transitional style. Exceptional
condition of the obv. Good extremely fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191330
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction P
(12.05.2005) Lot 1241 ( « | » )
Description A Selection of Coins of Magna Graecia
and Sicily from the A.D.M Collection Sicily
Syracuse. No.: 1241 Schätzwert/Estimation: CHF
2500.- d=27 mm Tetradrachm c. 480-470, AR 17.13 g.
Slow quadriga r.; horses crowned by Nike. Rev.
Head of Arethusa r.; four dolphins around.
Boehringer 68. Toned and good VF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191331
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction P
(12.05.2005) Lot 1242 ( « | » )
Price 1500 CHF (~1234 USD) Description A Selection
of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily from the
A.D.M Collection Sicily Syracuse. No.: 1242
Schätzwert/Estimation: CHF 1400.- d=27 mm
Tetradrachm c. 480-470, AR 17.36 g. Slow quadriga
r.; horses crowned by Nike. Rev. Head of Arethusa
r.; four dolphins around. Boehringer 105. Toned.
Minor mark on reverse, otherwise a good VF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191332
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction P
(12.05.2005) Lot 1243 ( « | » )
Price 1500 CHF (~1234 USD) Description A Selection
of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily from the
A.D.M Collection Sicily Syracuse. No.: 1243
Schätzwert/Estimation: CHF 1800.- d=27 mm
Tetradrachm c. 480-470, AR 17.52 g. Slow quadriga
r.; horses crowned by Nike. Rev. Head of Arethusa
r.; four dolphins around. Boehringer 213. Of
appealing late archaic style. Lightly toned and
good VF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191351
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction O
(13.05.2004) Lot 1386 ( « | » )
Price 1300 CHF (~1000 USD) Description A Selection
of Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily from the
A.D.M. Collection Sicily Syracuse. No.: 1386
Estimate: CHF 1600 d=26 mm Tetradrachm c. 485-475,
AR 17.38 g. Slow quadriga r.; above, Nike. Rev.
Head of Arethusa r.; around, four dolphins.
Boehringer 207E (this coin illustrated in the
text). Toned, VF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191354
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction O
(13.05.2004) Lot 1389 ( « | » )
Description A Selection of Coins of Magna Graecia
and Sicily from the A.D.M. Collection Sicily
Syracuse. No.: 1389 Estimate: CHF 1200 d=25 mm
Tetradrachm c. 475-470, AR 16.99 g. Slow quadriga
r.; above, Nike. Rev. Head of Arethusa r.; around,
four dolphins. Boehringer 556. Lightly toned, VF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=191370
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction 25
(25.06.2003) Lot 103 ( « | » )
Price 9000 CHF (~6781 USD) Description Greek Coins
Syracuse No.: 103 Schätzpreis - Estimate CHF 10000
d=26 mm Tetradrachm circa 480-475, AR 17.28 g.
Slow quadriga driven r. by charioteer holding
reins with both hands; above, Nike flying r. to
crown horses. Rev. SVRAKO – SI – O – N
Pearl-diademed head of Arethusa r., wearing beaded
necklace; around, four dolphins. SNG ANS 34 (these
dies). Boehringer 124. Brilliant extremely fine Ex
A.D.M. collection.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=394768
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction New York
Signature Sale 3008 (03.01.2010) Lot 21231 (
« | » ) Price 7000 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. Ca. 485-466
B.C. AR tetradrachm (25 mm, 17.09 g, 11 h). Under
Hieron I, ca. 475-470 B.C. Charioteer driving
quadriga right; above, Nike flying right, crowning
horses with wreath / Diademed head of Arethusa
right; around, four dolphins swimming clockwise.
Boehringer group 3, series XIIc, 328 (V162/R229);
Randazzo -; SNG ANS 105 (same dies). AU* NGC,
artistic dies. A wonderful example. Estimate:
3000.00-4000.00 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=418968
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction CICF
Signature Sale 3009 (22.04.2010) Lot 20008 (
« | » ) Price 700 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 B.C.
AR tetradrachm (24 mm, 17.03 g, 1 h). C. 485-480
B.C. Charioteer driving slow quadriga right,
holding kentron and reigns; above, Nike flying
right, crowning horses with wreath / Diademed head
of Arethusa right; around, four dolphins.
Boehringer grp. III, series VIa, 88 (V43/R57);
Randazzo 251-2 (same dies); SNG ANS 22 (same
dies). Fine NGC. Estimate: 600.00-800.00 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=419031
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. CICF Signature Sale
3009 (22.04.2010) Lot 20009 ( «
| » ) Price 700 USD Description Sicily,
Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 B.C. AR
tetradrachm (22 mm, 17.30 g, 10 h). Ca. 480/78-475
B.C. Charioteer driving slow quadriga right,
holding kentron and reigns; above, Nike flying
right, crowning horses with wreath / Diademed head
of Arethusa right; around, four dolphins.
Boehringer grp. III, series X, 232 (V104/R158);
Randazzo 390 (same dies); SNG ANS -. Toned VF.
Estimate: 500.00-600.00 USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=419032
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction CICF
Signature Sale 3009 (22.04.2010) Lot 20010 (
« | » ) Price 488 USD Description
Sicily, Syracuse. Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 B.C.
AR tetradrachm (23 mm, 17.35 g, 5 h). Ca. 475-470
B.C. Charioteer driving slow quadriga right,
holding kentron and reigns; above, Nike flying
right, crowning horses with wreath / Diademed head
of Arethusa right; around, four dolphins. Cf.
Boehringer grp. III, series XI, 247 (V111/R-; rev.
die not recorded); Randazzo 418 (same dies); SNG
ANS -. VF, reverse die deteriorated. Ex Stack's
(22-23 April 2009), 1037. Estimate: 500.00-600.00
USD.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=421258
Source A. Tkalec AG Auction May 2010 (17.05.2010)
Lot 16 ( « | » ) Description
SICILY Syracuse AR-Tetradrachm, 17.18 g., 25 mm.
474-470 BC. Obv.: Quadriga r., Nike. Rev.:
ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΝ Head of Arethusa r., dolphins.
Boehringer Gr. 3, 12; Cf. SNG ANS 107. Nicely
toned. Almost mint state Starting Price: 3000.00
CHF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=491551
Source VAuctions Auction 211 (17.08.2008) Lot
11 ( « | » ) Price 1101 USD
Description Lot 11. Sicily, Syracuse.
Deinomenid Tyranny. 485-466 B.C. AR tetradrachm
(22 mm, 17.25 g, 8'). Under Hieron I, ca. 475-470
B.C. Charioteer driving slow quadriga right,
holding kentron and reins; above, Nike flying
right, crowning horses with wreath / ΣVRAKOΣION,
diademed head of Arethusa right, wearing
single-pendant earring and necklace, surrounded by
four dolphins swimming clockwise. Boehringer 242
(V110/R165); SNG ANS 84. Lightly toned VF. Donated
by: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Estimate: US$
750.
Veniamo ora agli aspetti peculiari del campione in
esame. Si è detto nella nota 1
che la moneta di figura presenta un diametro al di
fuori della norma. Inoltre lo stile grossolano e le
forme lisce e prive di dettagli non trovano riscontro
nei campioni autentici del periodo. Alla luce di
quanto osservato, pur nei limiti di una valutazione a
distanza, ritengo che la moneta sia una riproduzione
moderna.
Un saluto cordiale.
Giulio De Florio
-------------------------------
Note:
(1) Tetradrammo
(argento). Raccolgo in tabella le caratteristiche
fisiche dei tetradrammi della tipologia di figura
presenti nei link sopra indicati:
| Riferimenti |
Peso (g.) |
Asse di conio (ore) |
Diametro (mm) |
| Link1 |
17,4 |
- |
23,4 |
| Link2 |
16,94 |
- |
31 |
| Link3 |
17,14 |
- |
27 |
| Link4 |
17,28 |
- |
23 |
| Link5 |
17,32 |
. |
22 |
| Link6 |
17,18 |
- |
26 |
| Link7 |
17,16 |
- |
25 |
| Link8 |
17,04 |
- |
22 |
| Link9 |
17,37 |
- |
28 |
| Link10 |
16,74 |
- |
24 |
| Link11 |
17,24 |
- |
27 |
| Link12 |
17,15 |
- |
26 |
| Link13 |
17,29 |
. |
24 |
| Link14 |
17,34 |
- |
25 |
| Link15 |
17,48 |
- |
25 |
| Link16 |
17,13 |
- |
27 |
| Link17 |
17,36 |
- |
27 |
| Link18 |
17,52 |
- |
27 |
| Link19 |
17,38 |
- |
26 |
| Link20 |
16,99 |
- |
25 |
| Link21 |
17,28 |
. |
26 |
| Link22 |
17,09 |
11 |
25 |
| Link23 |
17,03 |
1 |
24 |
| Link24 |
17,30 |
10 |
22 |
| Link25 |
17,35 |
5 |
23 |
| Link26 |
17,18 |
. |
25 |
| Link27 |
17,25 |
8 |
22 |
E dunque, se la moneta in esame ha effettivamente,
come sostiene la lettrice, un diametro di 40mm, essa
è fuori norma. A maggior ragione quindi andrebbe
controllato il peso della moneta che, presentando
dei margini di oscillazione molto ristretti (da 15g
a c.17g), consentirebbe di discriminare con maggiore
sicurezza tra vero e falso.
(2) Come si osserva scorrendo le
monete i cui link ho sopra
riportato, nel corso del tempo lo stile dei
tetradrammi siracusani che recano al dritto la testa
di Aretusa e al rovescio la quadriga, si è
modificato; la moneta in esame appare più affine al
tipo di cui al link che segue, http://www.magnagraecia.nl/coins/Area_IV_map/Syracusa_map/descrSyrB_147b.html,
battuto attorno al 480/78-475 a. C. sotto Gelone,
tiranno della dinastia dei Dinomenidi di Gela.
(3) Aderendo ad una consuetudine
piuttosto diffusa nelle città greche di Sicilia,
Siracusa assunse, come emblema della città, la
divinità fluviale di pertinenza, e dunque Aretusa.
In proposito riprendo la voce relativa del portale
dell'Enciclopedia Treccani on line (v. link):
"Aretusa è la ninfa della fonte che sgorga
nell’isola Ortigia (Siracusa). Una sorgente omonima
nell’Elide (Peloponneso), lungo il corso inferiore
del fiume Alfeo, fece nascere la leggenda secondo
cui Aretusa, ninfa del seguito di Artemide,
inseguita dal dio del fiume, Alfeo, riuscì a passare
a Ortigia, dove però fu raggiunta da Alfeo, che
nella forma di fiume aveva traversato il mare
conservando pure le sue acque."
(4)
ΣΎRAKOΣION (=dei Siracusani) è l'etnico
della città nel nome della quale la moneta fu
battuta. Riprendo dal portale dell'Enciclopedia
Treccani on line (v. link)
le note storiche che seguono concernenti il periodo:
"Siracusa fu fondata nel 734-33 a.C. da coloni greci
di Corinto nell’isola di Ortigia. La città fondò
presto colonie nell’interno della Sicilia, tra cui
Acre, la più antica. Nel 6° sec. Siracusa era
governata da un’aristocrazia di γαμόροι (proprietari
terrieri) a cui obbediva il demo; privi dei diritti
politici erano invece i cilliri o cilliciri,
discendenti dalle popolazioni indigene assoggettate.
Nel 5° sec. Gelone, membro della famiglia dei
Dinomenidi di Gela, si impadronì di Siracusa, la unì
a Gela e vi assunse i pieni poteri. Distrusse la
ribelle Camarina e, con il tiranno di Agrigento,
Terone, vinse i Cartaginesi a Imera (480). ".
(5) Il tipo della quadriga
esalta la partecipazione dell'aristocrazia
siracusana alle competizioni olimpiche. |
