Roma, 19.3.2014
Egregio
Lettore,
di seguito riporto gli elementi significativi che ho
potuto raccogliere sulla moneta di figura:
Sesterzio1,
zecca di Roma, 103-111 d. C.2, RIC II
569 (pag. 284), BMC III
851 (pag. 179), Cohen
II 542 (pag. 73), indice di rarità
"C".
Descrizione sommaria:
D. IMP CAES NERVAE
TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P3.
Traiano, busto laureato a destra; drappeggio sulla
spalla sinistra.
R. SPQR OPTIMO
PRINCIPI.
S C 4 in esergo.
Ponte sul fiume, sotto il quale, sulla destra, è
ormeggiata una barca; il ponte, ad arco coperto,
mostra lungo il lato visibile una linea mediana
arcuata, attraversata da nove barre verticali; sopra
a sinistra sono collocate delle statue: un trofeo,
Ercole e un'aquila. Sotto le statue una base di
pietra. Sulla destra del ponte, un ingresso
accessibile mediante cinque gradini, al di sopra del
quale sono collocate statue consimili.5
La ricerca nel web di monete della tipologia di
figura ha prodotto i seguenti risultati:
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=715825
Source Gemini, LLC Auction XI (12.01.2014)
Lot 427 ( « | » )
Estimate 12000 USD Price 13500 USD
Description Trajan. 98-117 AD. Sestertius, 27.32g.
(h). Rome, c. 104-11 AD. Obv: IMP CAES NERVAE
TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P Bust
laureate right, fold of cloak on front shoulder
and behind neck. Rx: S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C
Trajan's Danube bridge, depicted as a single
arching span between entrance and exit gates
topped by statues; a boat in the river below. MIR
314bD (7 spec.), pl. 63 (two illustrated, ours is
from the same dies as the second of them). BM 851.
Paris 315. Cohen 542 (8 Fr.). RIC 569. Exceptional
iconic sestertius rarely seen in this quality.
Choice EF. Ex Gemini II, 10 January 2005, lot 346;
this coin published in Collecting World Coins,
Winter 2005/2006, Cover and p. 19. Although other
identifications have continued to be advanced in
both academic and trade literature, Strack's
arguments for the traditional identification of
this bridge type on Trajan's bronze coins as
representing Trajan's Danube bridge were virtually
conclusive and should really have ended the
debate. See C. Clay's review of Woytek's book on
Trajan in Numismatic Chronicle 172, 2012, pp.
357-8.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=664953
Source Ira & Larry Goldberg Coins &
Collectibles, Inc. Auction 74 (04.06.2013)
Lot 3600 ( « | » )
Estimate 3000 USD Price 6000 USD
Description Trajan, AD 98-117. Bronze Sestertius
(26g) minted at Rome, AD 105. Laureate bust right
of Trajan, left shoulder draped. Reverse : S P Q R
OPTIMO PRINCIPI. Arched single-span bridge over
river, with covered walkway and gateways at either
end surmounted by three statues; entrance to right
approached by flight of stairs; below, boat moored
near right bank, secured by anchor; below
waterline, S C. Sear 3207; RIC 569. Fields lightly
smoothed. Dark brown patina with lighter
highlights. Well detailed and struck in high
relief. Sharpness of Extremely Fine. The precise
identity of the bridge depicted on this handsome
sestertius remains a subject of scholarly
speculation. Traditionally, it has been described
as the bridge over the Danube near Drobetae,
designed by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus
and built in AD 104 as part of the preparations
for Trajan's Second Dacian War. However, the
totally different appearance of this bridge on
Trajan's Column in Rome casts serious doubt on
this identification. An attractive alternative is
provided by the Pons Sublicius in Rome's Regio
XIV, the first bridge to span the Tiber. A wooden
structure, the bridge was frequently damaged or
swept away by floods but was always restored or
rebuilt in wood as a matter of religious practice.
Doubtless, such a restoration occurred early in
the reign of Trajan and was commemorated by this
coin type, which appears also on dupondii and
asses. Estimated Value $3,000 - 4,000. The Hunter
Collection The Arden Collection.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=657202
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction 72
(16.05.2013) Lot 1575 ( «
| » ) Estimate 1200 CHF Price
3500 CHF (~3655 USD) Description The Roman Empire
Trajan, 98 – 117 Sestertius 103-111, Æ 26.67 g.
Laureate head r., drapery on l. shoulder. Rev. The
bridge over the river Danubius. C 542 var (no
drapery). RIC 569. Dark tone and good very fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=592949
Source Heritage Auctions, Inc. Auction 2012
September Signature World & Ancient Coin
Auction (06.09.2012) Lot 25223 (
« | » ) Estimate 500 USD
Price 300 USD Description Trajan. (98-117
AD). Orichalcum sestertius (33mm, 23.79 gm, 6h).
Rome, AD 107-110. IMP [CAES NERV]AE TRAIANO AVG
GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, laureate bust of
Trajan right, aegis on shoulder / S P Q [R OPTIMO]
PRINCIPI S C, Trajan's Danube bridge, depicted as
a single arching span between entrance and exit
towers topped by statues; a boat in the river
below. BMCRE 851. RIC 569 variant (bust type).
Dark green patina. Nearly Very Fine.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=422534
Source Stack's Auction October 2010 Coin
Galleries Sale (20.10.2010) Lot 197 (
« | » ) Estimate 400 USD
Description Trajan, A.D. 98-117. Æ Sestertius.
Very Fine. Rome, ca. A.D. 104-107. Laureate bust
of Trajan right, slight drapery on far shoulder.
Rv. Arched single-span bridge; below, boat sailing
left in river. 29.43 grams. RIC 569. BMC 849.
Cohen 542. Tooled and smoothed(?), die shift.
Brown surfaces. Very Fine. (400-500).
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=494744
Source VAuctions Auction 234 (08.10.2009)
Lot 62 ( « | » )
Estimate 400 USD Price 605 USD
Description Lot 62. TRAJAN. 98-117 AD. Æ
Sestertius (33mm - 27.02 g). Rome mint. Struck
circa 105-107 AD. IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER
DAC P M TR P COS V P P, laureate bust right,
slight drapery on left shoulder / S P Q R OPTIMO
PRINCIPI, SC in exergue, arched bridge, consisting
of two stories, with arch surmounted by quadriga
at either end, spanning river; boat sailing below.
RIC II 569; BMCRE 847; BN 315. VF, brown patina
with some green, porous. Estimate: US$ 400.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=82136
Source Freeman & Sear Auction Mail Bid
Sale 15 (27.06.2008) Lot 352 ( «
| » ) Price 425 USD Description ROMAN
EMPIRE. Trajan (AD 98–117). Orich sestertius
(23.27 gm). Rome, 103–111. IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO
AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, laureate bust of
Trajan right, drapery on left shoulder / SPQR
OPTIMO PRIN[CIPI], bridge with two-storied
superstructure, monumental gateway surmounted by
statuary at either end, steps below gateway on
right, boat moored in river below, S C below
riverbank. RIC 569. Rare. Dark brown patina;
orichalcum visible at high points on obverse.
Fields lightly smoothed. Nearly very fine Ex
Brauer Collection (NFA Fall Mail Bid Sale, 12
October 1988, lot 832). Estimate: $400.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=68592
Source Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG Auction 46
(02.04.2008) Lot 1042 ( «
| » ) Price 2300 CHF (~2266 USD)
Description Auction 46 Part II. The Roman Empire
Trajan, 98 – 177 Sestertius 103-111, Æ 28.45 g.
Laureate head r., drapery on l. shoulder. Rev. The
bridge over the river Danubius. C 542 var. BMC
881. RIC 569.Tooled brown patina Very fine
Estimate: 600 CHF.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=87105
Source Gemini, LLC Auction II (11.01.2006)
Lot 346 ( « | » )
Price 9000 USD Description Trajan. (98-117
AD). Orichalcum sestertius (27.30 gm). Rome, AD
103-111. IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M
TR P COS V P P, bust laureate right, fold of cloak
on shoulder in front and behind / S P Q R OPTIMO
PRINCIPI S C, Trajan's Danube bridge, depicted as
a single arching span between entrance and exit
towers topped by statues; a boat in the river
below. BMCRE 851. Cohen 542 (8 Fr.). RIC 569.
Brown and green patina. Extremely fine. Published
Collecting World Coins, Winter 2005/2006, Cover
and page 19. Estimate: US$6500.
- http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=77443
Source Münzen & Medaillen AG Basel Auction 92
(22.11.2002) Lot 72 ( « |
» ) Description THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY
TRAIANUS, AD 98-117 No.: 72 Schätzpreis -
Estimation CHF 11000.- Sestertius, AD 106; 27.12
g. Obv. IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR
P COS V P P Laureate head r., drapery on l.
shoulder. Rev. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI / SC
Two-storied, arched bridge over river indicated by
waves; each storey is divided into eight
compartments; at either side, gate with steps, on
top, statues; boat attached near the gate on the
r. Outstanding specimen of this rare architectural
type. One of the best of all known specimens.
Beautiful dark brown patina, slightly smoothed in
the fields. Extremely fine EUR 7'500,-
References: RIC 284, 569. C. 542. BMC 178, 847.
Hill, UC 136, 251. Strack I, 385. KOSH pl. 69,
261. Pedigree: Ex Münzen und Medaillen AG, Basel
sale 76 (1991), 875. The bridge illustrated on
this sestertius is usually identified with the one
Trajan had ordered to be built by Apollodorus of
Damascus across the Danube at Drobeta (Turnu
Severin in Romania). It was intended as a
permanent warning signal to king Decebalus telling
him that the Romans would again invade Dacia at
the slightest misbehaviour of the king whom Trajan
had repulsed during the First Dacian War after
difficult and tough battles, without succeeding in
completely defeating him. This famous bridge on
the Danube was made of wood and had twenty arches
as we know from its representation on the column
of Trajan. The one illustrated on this sestertius
should therefore rather be identified with a stone
bridge in Rome, as we find a similar
representation on coins of Septimius Severus (cf.
RIC 198, 786 and pl. 10, 9), see also A. Donini,
Ponti su monete e medaglie (1959), 41ss. and 65ss.
(Septemius Severus), and H. Küthmann and B.
Overbeck, Bauten Roms auf Münzen und Medaillen
(exhibition catalogue, Munich 1973), 56, 108.
Concludo osservando che mi ero a suo tempo già
occupato di una moneta molto simile a quella di figura
(v. link). Come la
precedente, anche questa è una replica, una delle
tante realizzate dalla De Agostini nel periodo
1999-2001 per la promozione di un'opera a fascicoli in
6 volumi dedicata alla Storia, Civiltà e Vita ai tempi
di ROMA ANTICA. La serie delle repliche della De
Agostini comprendeva in tutto otto monete (v. link)
tra cui c'è quella di figura. Si noterà che ciascuna
replica è perfettamente sovrapponibile alle altre
dello stesso tipo (v. link).
Un saluto cordiale.
Giulio De Florio
-------------------------------
Note:
(1) Sesterzio
(oricalco). Riporto in tabella le caratteristiche
fisiche dei sesterzi della tipologia di figura
presenti nei link di cui sopra:
Riferimenti |
Peso
(g.) |
Diametro
(mm) |
Asse
di conio (h) |
Link1 |
27,32 |
- |
- |
Link2 |
26 |
- |
- |
Link3 |
26,67 |
- |
- |
Link4 |
23,79 |
33 |
6 |
Link5 |
29,43 |
- |
- |
Link6 |
27,02 |
33 |
- |
Link7 |
23,27 |
- |
- |
Link8 |
28,45 |
- |
- |
Link9 |
27,30 |
- |
- |
Link10 |
27,12 |
- |
- |
Dall'esame dei dati in tabella si evince che le
caratteristiche fisiche del sesterzio in esame (16g,
33mm) rientrano nei margini di variabilità dei conȋ
d'epoca.
(2) La moneta può essere
genericamente ascritta al periodo che inizia con il
5° consolato di Traiano (103 d. C.) e si conclude
con l'inizio del 6° (111 d. C.).
(3) Le leggende del dritto e del
rovescio della moneta vanno lette congiuntamente:
IMPeratori CAESari NERVAE TRAIANO AVGusto GERmanico
DACico Pontifici Maximo TRibunicia Potestate
COnSuli V Patri Patriae SPQR OPTIMO PRINCipi e
quindi: il Senato e il Popolo di Roma [dedicano]
all'Imperatore Cesare Nerva Traiano, Augusto,
Germanico, Dacico, Pontefice Massimo, Console per la
5a volta, Padre della Patria, Principe Ottimo. Per
il profilo biografico di Traiano rimando al
portale dell'Enciclopedia Treccani consultabile in
rete (v. link).
(4) S. C. (Senatus Consulto,
"per decreto del Senato") era la consueta sigla
apposta sui nominali in bronzo romani (sesterzi,
dupondi e assi) ad indicare la competenza del Senato
Romano nelle decisioni attinenti alle emissioni di
quelle monete (la monetazione in oro e in argento,
che non riporta la sigla SC, rientrava nelle
competenze dirette dell'imperatore).
(5) Il Cohen sostiene che quello
rappresentato sul rovescio della moneta sia il ponte
fatto costruire da Traiano sul Danubio presso le
attuali città di Dobreta (in Romania) e Kladovo (in
Serbia), eretto ad opera dell'architetto Apollodoro
di Damasco tra il 103 e il 105 d. C. Tuttavia del
suddetto ponte sul Danubio disponiamo sia dell'immagine
incisa sulla colonna traiana sia della
descrizione di Cassio Dione che lo vuole poggiante
su 20 pilastri in pietra quadrangolare di 150 piedi
di altezza escluse le fondamenta e di 60 di
larghezza (v. link).
Perciò è da ritenere che il ponte del sesterzio, ad
una sola arcata, a schiena d'asino, sia quello
costruito a Roma sul Tevere a somiglianza di un
altro rappresentato su una moneta di Settimio Severo
(v. link).
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