Indice Dietro Avanti
Roma, denario, Marciana e l'apoteosi
7.4.2021
Buonasera
Vorrei info su questa moneta se è autentica
grazie
circa 18mm diametro
3,90g circa
amagnetica
Grazie anticipatamente.
fig. 1
Cliccare sulle immagini per ingrandire
Roma, 9.4.2021
Egregio Lettore,
riporto di seguito gli elementi significativi riguardanti la moneta di figura:

Denario1, zecca di Roma, 128-136 d. C., RIC II 743 (pag. 299), BMC III 651 (pag. 125), Cohen II 4 (pag. 100), indice di rarità "R3"

Descrizione sommaria (sono indicate in rosso le parti della leggenda usurate o comunque non leggibili):
D. DIVA AVGVSTA - MARCIANA2. Marciana, busto drappeggiato a destra, diadema sulla testa, davanti al quale i capelli sono raccolti su tre file parallele, dietro annodati in uno chignon.
R. CONSECRATIO3. Aquila ad ali spiegate, stante a sinistra su uno scettro, ala destra in parte sotto lo scettro, testa a destra.

La ricerca nel web di monete della tipologia di figura ha dato luogo ai seguenti risultati:

  1. vcoins 988.76€ Rates for: 04/08/21. Roman Imperial Diva Marciana, Augusta, circa 105-114 AD AR Denarius Rome mint. Struck under Trajan, 114 AD. Diademed and draped bust right with elaborate hairstyle / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing left, head right, wings spread 3.11g, 18-19mm, silver. RIC II 743 (Trajan); Woytek 719; RSC 4; BMCRE III 650 (Trajan). Marciana was sister to Trajan and mother to Matidia. Marciana held the title of Augusta starting around 105 AD. She died in 112 AD and was deified in September of that year. Coins honoring her were probably all struck around the time of her deification.
  2. https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=99763 Finest Known Diva Marciana Denarius 784148. Sold For $37500. Diva Marciana. Augusta, circa AD 105-112/4. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.28g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck under Trajan, 114 AD . DIVA. AVGVSTA MARCIANA, diademed and draped bust right / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing left, head right, wings spread. RIC II 743 (Trajan); RSC 4; BMCRE 650 (Trajan). Superb EF, gold and gray toning. Finest Known. Ex Numismatic Fine Arts VI, 27-28 February 1979, lot 709. There is very little is in the historical record of Ulpia Marciana, Trajan's sister. Unlike many other imperial relatives during the Empire, she is thought to have been of very high character. During Trajan's reign, Marciana lived as a widow, and did not take another husband. Marciana was a close friend of Trajan's wife, Plotina, and both jointly accepted the title of Augusta in 105 AD (which they had both rejected in 98 AD). The date of her death is debatable, and although some scholars believe she died in the year she was hailed Augusta, her death is commonly placed in 112 or 114 AD.
  3. moruzzi DIVA MARCIANA, DENARIO, + 112 d.C., CONSECRATIO aquila ad ali spiegate, zecca di Roma, ARGENTO, mBB, (RRR), (RIC 743/R3) / monete romane imperiali antiche rare d'argento (moneta romana imperiale antica rara - Impero Romano). DIVA MARCIANA, Sorella di Traiano, 98-117 d.C., DENARIO, Emissione: + 112 d.C., Zecca di Roma, Rif. bibl. R.I.C., 743/R3; Cohen, 4/Fr.100; Metallo: AR, 4,05g, (MR140402), Diam.: 18,61mm, mBB, (RRR). Ex Helios 4 n. 384; ex Coll. Lynn; ex CNG 51 n. 1290; ex Gadoury 2012 n. 199; ex Artemide aste 49, n. 217. Disponibilità: Disponibile 4.900,00€.
  4. https://www.biddr.com/auctions/nac/browse?a=90&l=79646 Auctions 97-98. Lotto 118 Denarius, Roma 112-August 1... Descrizione The Roman Empire. Diva Marciana, sister of Trajan. Denarius, Roma 112-August 117, AR 3.40g. Description: DIVA AVGVSTA – MARCIANA Draped bust r., hair elaborately dressed, above which crescent-shaped diadem. Rev. CONSECRATIO Eagle with spread wings perched l. on sceptre, head r. References: C 4. BMC Trajan 651 RIC 743 CBN Trajan 758. Woytek 7193 Condition: Very rare and in exceptional condition for the issue, among the finest specimens known. A wonderful portrait and a magnificent old cabinet tone, good extremely fine Provenance: Leu sale 7, 1973, 368. M&M sale 66, 1984, 603. Tradart sale 4, 1991, 294. Numismatica Genevensis sale 6, 2010, 162. Tradart sale December 2014, 305 Note: Historians disagree about the date of Marciana’s death: some place it in 105, the year that she and Plotina jointly took the title of Augusta, while others suggest a date as late as 112 or 114. One of the two later dates seems more likely. This posthumous coinage does represent a novelty in Roman numismatics, for the word consecratio first appears here, and thereafter was employed frequently for posthumous coinages. Following Marciana’s death, her daughter Matidia was raised to the rank of Augusta, and coinage was struck in her name in addition to that already being struck in the name of Trajan’s wife, Plotina. Risultato 20'000 CHF. Prezzo iniziale 20'000 CHF. Stima 25'000 CHF.
  5. sixbid Starting price: 8.000 GBP. Estimate: 10.000 GBP. Result: 22.000 GBP. Lot 788. Diva Marciana AR Denarius. Rome, AD 113-114. DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA, diademed and draped bust of Marciana right, wearing pearl necklace, with hair elaborately arranged and bound into tight bun high at back of head / CONSECRATIO, eagle with wings displayed, standing to left with head right. RIC 743; Woytek 719; BMC 650; RSC 4. 3.40g, 20mm, 8h. Near Mint State. Boldly struck and exceptionally sharply detailed. Pleasant light grey cabinet tone. A stunning coin and certainly one of the very finest known examples of the type. From an old European Collection. A public expression of his devotion to his family, Trajan’s relatives were portrayed on his coinage to an extent not seen since the Julio-Claudian emperors. Both his natural father Marcus Ulpius Traianus and adoptive father Nerva are commemorated on his coinage, and Trajan also extended the honour to his living relatives, namely his sister Marciana, his wife Plotina and his niece Matidia. Trajan and his elder sister Marciana maintained a particularly close relationship, and the deep affection that existed between them is evident in Trajan’s decision to award her the title of Augusta, the first sister of an emperor ever to receive the title. Marciana thus became part of the imperial iconography, and her statue was placed together with those of Trajan and his wife Plotina over the Arches of Trajan in Ancona. Marciana would often travel with her brother and assist him in decision making. Throughout the Roman Empire, she was honoured with monuments and inscriptions, and Trajan founded two towns named after her: Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi founded in 100 and Marcianopolis founded in 106. If there had been any doubt of the esteem in which Trajan held his beloved sister, it must surely have been dispelled when upon her death, sometime between 113 and 114, she was deified by the Senate at Trajan’s behest. It is on this posthumous coinage of Marciana that the reverse legend CONSECRATIO is first utilised, and it was thereafter frequently employed for posthumous coinages of deified augusti and augustae. Following Marciana’s death, her daughter Matidia was raised to the rank of Augusta in her stead, and coinage was struck in her name also. Through Matidia, Marciana would be the great-great-great grandmother of the future emperor Marcus Aurelius.
  6. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces253725.html Obverse: Bust of Marciana, draped, right; hair coiled on top of head behind cresent-shaped diadem. Lettering: DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA. Translation: Diva Augusta Marciana. The divine and venerable [Ulpia] Marciana. Reverse: Eagle walking left on sceptre, head right, wings open. Lettering: CONSECRATIO. Mint Rome (ancient), Italy Roman Empire (Rome) Trajan (98-117) Standard circulation Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215). Silver 3.2g 19.5mm (irregular). Coin alignment ↑↓ Yes. RIC II# 743 (denarius).
  7. coinhome Roman Imperial Issuer: MARCIANA Date Ruled: Died 112 AD Metal: Silver Denomination: Denarius Struck / Cast: struck Date Struck: AD under Trajan, circa September 112 Diameter: 18 mm Weight: 3.12g Die Axis: 7h Obverse Legend: DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA Obverse Description: Diademed and draped bust right Reverse Legend: CONSE-CRATIO Reverse Description: Eagle with spread wings, standing front, leaning left, on sceptre, head right Mint: Rome Primary Reference: RIC 743 (Trajan) Reference2: RSC 004 Reference3: BMCRE 650 (Trajan).
  8. https://www.biddr.com/auctions/numismatiknaumann/browse?a=438&l=438238 Auction 74 Lotto 321 DIVA MARCIANA (Died 112/4). Denarius. Rome. Struck under Trajan. Obv: DIVA AV... Denarius. Rome. Struck under Trajan. Obv: DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA. Draped bust right, wearing stephane. Rev: CONSECRATIO. Eagle, with head right and wings spread, standing left on sceptre. RIC 743; T&M 19. Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 100 (29 May 2017), lot 476. Very rare. Condition: Extremely fine, some porosity. Weight: 3.36g. Diameter: 19mm. Risultato 2'600 EUR. 3 offerte. Prezzo iniziale 2'000 EUR. Stima 2'500 EUR.
  9. https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=4483&lot=1755 Leu Numismatik AG Web Auction 15 27-28 Feb 2021. Lot 1755 Starting Price: 200 CHF. Price realized: 1300 CHF. Diva Marciana, died 112/4. Denarius (Silver, 19mm, 3.29g, 7h), Rome. DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA Diademed and draped bust of Diva Marciana to right. Rev. CONSECRATIO Eagle with spread wings standing left on scepter, head turned to right. BMC 651. Cohen 4. RIC 743. Woytek 719. Nicely toned. Minor scratches, otherwise, nearly very fine.
  10. https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=4371&lot=1084 Lot 1084 Estimate: 3000 USD. Price realized: 7000 USD Diva Marciana. Died AD 112/4. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.34g, 6h). Consecration issue. Rome mint. Struck under Trajan, AD 114. DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA, draped bust right, hair coiled in back and piled up behind stephane / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing facing, head right, on bar (or scepter), with wings displayed. RIC II 743 (Trajan); Woytek 719; Strack 198; RSC 4; BMCRE 651 (Trajan); BN 757-8 (Trajan). Lustrous surfaces, with a few minor areas of light porosity. EF. Portrait of wonderful style. Trajan's sister Marciana and her daughter Matidia moved into the Imperial palace upon his ascension and formed part of a distaff cabal of women relations, led by his wife Plotina, who are widely thought to have influenced the domestic policies of his government. Upon her death on 29 August AD 112, Marciana was formally deified and honored with this attractive denarius issue, depicting an eagle bearing a scepter to the heavens.
  11. coins.ha.com Sister Of Trajan. Diva Marciana, sister of Trajan (died AD 112). AR denarius (19mm, 3.12g, 6h). Rome, AD 112-114. DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA, draped bust of Marciana right, wearing large double stephane, the hair plaited and coiled at back of head / C[ONSEC]RATIO, eagle with spread wings flying upwards, body left but head turned right, holding scepter in both talons, the top of which passes across the bottom of the eagle's right wing. RIC (Trajan) 743 (R3). BMCRE (Trajan) 651. RSC 4. Very rare! Nicely toned. A pleasing Very Fine. Marciana, Trajan's sister, and her daughter Matidia lived in the Imperial palace during his reign and were also honored on Trajan's coinage. Together with his wife Plotina, this circle of females is credited by some with influencing Trajan's reforms of taxation and the establishment of a welfare scheme to help the poor (Alimentia). Upon her death on 29 August AD 112, Marciana was formally deified and honored with this attractive denarius issue, depicting an eagle bearing a scepter (signifying Marciana's soul?) to the heavens. The scepter in this reverse type should thus not be regarded as a horizontal groundline dictating the orientation of the type, but should be viewed diagonally upwards at an angle of about 45 degrees.
  12. cngcoins Marciana. Augusta, circa AD 105-112/4. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.23g, 8h). Rome mint. Struck under Trajan, AD 114. CNG Feature Auction 114. Lot: 843. Estimated: $ 20 000. Roman Imperial, 360 Photo, Silver. Sold For $ 19000. Marciana. Augusta, circa AD 105-112/4. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.23 g, 8h). Rome mint. Struck under Trajan, AD 114. DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIANA, draped bust right, wearing stephane / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing facing, head right, on bar (or scepter), with wings displayed. RIC II 743 (Trajan); Woytek 719; Strack 198; RSC 4; BMCRE 651 (Trajan); BN 757-8 (Trajan). Superb EF, lovely deep iridescent toning over lustrous surfaces. Of the finest style. Ex Gadoury (3 December 2016), lot 51. Trajan's sister Marciana and her daughter Matidia moved into the Imperial palace upon his ascension and formed part of a distaff cabal of women relations, led by his wife Plotina, who are widely thought to have influenced the domestic policies of his government. Upon her death on 29 August AD 112, Marciana was formally deified and honored with this attractive denarius issue, depicting an eagle bearing a scepter to the heavens.
Veniamo alle conclusioni. Allo scopo di valutare l'autenticità della moneta di figura ho realizzato la tabella di confronto allegata nella quale ho riportato, oltre alle immagini delle monete reperite nel web, le caratteristiche fisiche e i prezzi d'asta, ove disponibili. Dal confronto emerge che, mentre le caratteristiche fisiche della moneta sono accettabili, i caratteri delle leggende appaiono più spessi rispetto a quelli delle monete di confronto e nel rovescio i tratti lineari, come il profilo delle ali, le zampe, le penne, lo scettro hanno tratti più larghi, ciò che fa intendere che la moneta in esame sia stata realizzata attraverso il calco di una moneta originale. Non ho riprodotto le immagini del taglio della moneta perché non desumo da esse elementi degni di nota.

Un saluto cordiale.
Giulio De Florio

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Note:
(1) Deanario. Secondo BMC, il denaro di Traiano pesava 3,21g (media calcolata su 464 esemplari). Raccolgo in tabella le caratteristiche fisiche dei denari della tipologia di figura presenti nei link di cui sopra:

Link Peso(g) Diametro Asse di conio
1 3,11 18-19 -
2 3,28 19 7
3 4,05 18,61 -
4 3,40 - -
5 3,40 20 8
6 3,2 19,5 6
7 3,12 18 7
8 3,36 19 -
9 3,29 19 7
10 3,34 19 6
11 3,12 19 6
12 3,23 19 8
Avuto riguardo di quanto sopra, le caratteristiche fisiche della moneta in esame (3,90g, 18mm, 12h) rientrano nei margini di variabilità dei denari d'epoca reperiti nel web.
(2) DIVA AVGVSTA - MARCIANA. In segno di devozione pubblica verso la propria famiglia, Traiano volle che i suoi parenti fossero ricordati nelle monete in una misura che non si ricordava dai tempi degli imperatori giulio-claudi. Sia il padre naturale Marcus Ulpius Traianus che il padre adottivo Nerva furono commemorati nelle monete, e Traiano estese l'onore anche ai suoi parenti in vita, vale a dire la sorella Marciana, la moglie Plotina e la nipote Matidia. Traiano e sua sorella maggiore Marciana mantennero un rapporto particolarmente stretto e il profondo affetto che esisteva tra loro è evidente nella decisione di Traiano di assegnarle il titolo di Augusta, prima sorella di un imperatore a ricevere il titolo. Marciana entrò così a far parte dell'iconografia imperiale e la sua statua fu collocata, insieme a quelle di Traiano e di sua moglie Plotina, negli Archi di Traiano ad Ancona. Marciana viaggiava spesso con suo fratello e lo assisteva nel processo decisionale. In tutto l'Impero Romano, fu onorata di monumenti e iscrizioni e Traiano fondò due città a lei intitolate: Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana (oggi Thamugadi o Timgad in Algeria, fondata nel 100) e Marcianopolis (oggi Devnya in Bulgaria, fondata nel 106). Traiano riponeva nell'amata sorella tanta stima che alla sua morte, avvenuta tra il 113 e il 114, ne propose e ottenne dal Senato l'apoteosi. In seguito alla morte di Marciana, sua figlia Matidia fu elevata al rango di Augusta, e anche a suo nome furono coniate monete.
(3) CONSECRATIO.
La Consecratio (o apoteosi o divinizzazione) era il processo attraverso cui il Senato romano riconosceva all'imperatore, alla consorte o ad un parente meritevole, lo status divino al pari degli altri dei. Il cristianesimo ha trasformato poi la consecratio nella santificazione dei pii meritevoli a conclusione di un articolato processo di canonizzazione. Le serie delle CONSECRATIO comprendevano i classici tipi postumi, l'aquila, la pira funeraria o l'altare. Nella moneta in esame la consecratio è associata all'aquila in procinto di spiccare il volo per trasportare in cielo l'anima della defunta divinizzata (diva). Nella cerimonia della consecratio si usava addirittura far levare in volo un'aquila dal sommo di una pira funebre. È proprio con la monetazione postuma di Marciana che venne introdotta per la prima volta la leggenda del rovescio CONSECRATIO nelle emissioni postume di augusti e auguste deificati.
Indice Dietro Avanti